Teaching Content through Literature and Technology Trade Books

Presentation Education of little children assumes a significant job throughout everyday life: the method of how kids can get a handle on new material and the standards as indicated by which it is important to live impacts their future and correspondence with others around. In this paper, one of the social parts of youngsters training will be taken into consideration.Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Teaching Content through Literature and Technology: Trade Books explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More With the assistance of three exchange books, third grade understudies will have the option to get familiar with the First Thanksgiving Era and the historical backdrop of this astounding occasion in the USA. Exchange books are normally wealthy in enamoring story and educative substance, this is the reason they may advance understudies with a decent change to comprehend the vital parts of the picked occasion (Vacca, 2008). In this paper, three exchange bo oks will be assessed: Molly’s Pilgrim was by Barbara Cohen in 1998, If You Were at the First Thanksgiving was made by Anne Kamma and Bert Dodson in 2001, and The prior night Thanksgiving was presented by Natasha Wing and Tammie Lyon in 2001. Every one of these books contain various fascinating plans to be examined with the offspring of the third grade and might be utilized in an assortment of approaches to make the training procedure all the more charming and progressively viable for understudies just as for educators. A Month-Long Unit Based on the Books Chosen A Social Studies Unit on First Thanksgiving Era goes on for one month, and an instructor should utilize the three exchange books picked to assist understudies with getting individuals, time, and conventions in another and conceivable way (Ryder Graves, 2003). There are 8 exercises in the unit and every one of them has its own motivation and association. First Day Objective: to comprehend student’s disposition t o occasions and present them Thanksgiving Day from an assortment of point of view. Exercises: An educator illuminates the understudies about the significance regarding occasions in regular daily existence and discusses their preferred occasions and their reasons of their decisions. Thanksgiving Era ought to be mentioned.Advertising Looking for paper on instruction? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Second, Third, and Fourth Days Objective: to present three unique sources about a similar occasion, assess the degree of data offered, and improve understudy jargon. Exercises: Each exercises is committed to the book picked (first, The prior night Thanksgiving is broke down as it is the most least demanding source and contains various intriguing pictures and clarifications; second, Molly’s Pilgrim is considered for what it's worth about the third grade understudy who needs to comprehend the significance of the occasion the mann er in which understudies ought to do; lastly, If You Were at the First Thanksgiving is the most genuine exchange book that must be utilized and examined by understudies and instructors completely). Fifth and Six Days Objective: to compose students’ exercises and help to discover down to earth application to students’ hypothetical information. Exercises: students’ introduction of the Thanksgiving Day and the method of how they get it; tests with the assistance of which understudies show their degree of information; rivalries which are composed by the educator to include understudies in perusing and learning. Seventh Day Objective: to assess understudy level of information. Exercises: understudies go through the tests which are made by the educator and get grades. Eighth Day Objective: to examine the accomplishments of the investigations and the desires of studentsAdvertising We will compose a custom article test on Teaching Content through Literature and Technolo gy: Trade Books explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Activities: understudies and the educator arrange conversations during which it is conceivable to grow their insight, share individual encounters, and thoughts on how the occasion might be sorted out in the class. As a rule, the offered unit ought to be fascinating for understudies and for the educators since normal trade of information is consistently educative. The Use of the Books Offered The prior night Thanksgiving by Wing and Lyon is the main book that will be offered for the understudies. With the assistance of simple punctuation and educative substance, the understudies can get the essential information about the occasion and its effect on the advancement of relations between relatives. Family must be joined to appreciate that enormous festival through the country (Wing Lyon, 2001). The most significant substance targets this book delivers are to clarify the centrality of family relations and the signific ance of the occasion advertised. Molly’s Pilgrim is the story composed by Cohen that delineates the relations of a little youngster with the world around. Notwithstanding the topic of Thanksgiving day, this books educates about such significant temperances like human rights, resilience, and commitment to individual conventions. It is difficult to fabricate great relations inside a brief timeframe, this is the reason this book should turn into a guide for some understudies to depend on. The target to be met while perusing the book is to spur understudies to peruse and learn all the more utilizing their own understanding and writing advertised. On the off chance that You Were at the First Thanksgiving by Kamma and Dodson is the assortment of thoughts regarding the verifiable point of view of the occasion. Various inquiries regarding the Pilgrims, house improvement, and eating process are replied in the book. So that, the principle content reason that is tied in with developing understudy information by methods for perusing is achieved.Advertising Searching for exposition on instruction? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Exercises Built Around Available Technology The primary innovation movement that may bolster the utilization of the exchange books picked for the course is about WebQuest. Generally speaking, the educator needs to structure a page with the goal that it is conceivable to stimulate understudy enthusiasm for perusing just as include more understudies in study hall exercises. Truth be told, the idea of WebQuest action is like RAFT composing task: understudies are educated about certain fundamentals and need to follow the conditions advertised. An educator asks understudies satisfy the holes so as to make a useful bit of work. The journey should comprise of a few parts with the assistance of which understudies share their thoughts and information and advance far off correspondence. Another innovation action originates from CD-ROM books which center around careful investigations of subjects. It is conceivable to give understudies CDs and request that they glance through the books offered a nd answer the inquiries offered toward the finish of the writings. With the assistance of such exercises, understudies can build up their aptitudes with computer’s use just as become progressively mindful of the delicate. Obviously, there is no compelling reason to present some entangled projects composed on exceptional dialects: various pictures and space for answers is a smart thought to draw in students’ consideration. End by and large, the exercises and books offered in this paper appear to be an amazing way to deal with the improvement of understudy information. Educators should contemplate students’ potential outcomes and individual chance to arrange every movement in the most fitting manner. Current mechanical advancement impacts extensively the improvement of kids’ instruction, and it is imperative to consider the accomplishments previously and during the procedure. Just on the off chance that educators know about the guidelines set, they may cont ribute youngsters comprehension of the world and help to improve their composing exercises, understanding aptitudes, and jargon. Reference List Ryder, R. Graves, M. (2003). Perusing and learning in content territories (third ed.). New York: John Wiley and Sons. Vacca, R.T. Vacca, A.J. (2008) Content territory perusing: education and learning over the educational program. New York: Pearson Education. Wing, N. Lyon, T. (2001). The prior night Thanksgiving. New York: Grosset Dunlap. This article on Teaching Content through Literature and Technology: Trade Books was composed and put together by client Mikayla Cline to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for examination and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

Free Essays on War On Terror

How can one hope to win a war on psychological warfare? Battling psychological oppressors resembles battling drug cartels. The fear based oppressors have the preferred position. They are little and flexibility not at all like the US, which is huge and languid. We have such a large number of rules and methodology for battling wars when we are set up to strike our knowledge will be out of date. Our associations are so mechanical with their principles and guidelines, it makes us progressively helpless to invasion. The very opportunities we attempt to secure are what make the US such any obvious objective. The main path for George Bush to battle this war is a similar way his dad battled the Gulf War: Lots of air strikes. They are significantly more successful and run a lower danger of further American setbacks. We have the cash, and innovation to utilize rockets so why not use them? For what reason would it be a good idea for us to placed more Americans in harm's way? Perhaps the most noticeably awful slip-up the United States can makes utilizing ground troops. Have we taken in anything from Vietnam? We can’t go into unfriendly landscape and region with enormous armed forces attempting to battle traditional fighting. Our powers would be taken out individually by expert sharpshooters and all around sustained dugouts. In the event that the US should move in with ground troops, there should just be all around arranged strategic strikes that require barely any individuals and once in the field has no or restricted contact with central leadership (Clark). This will ensure both the men and the mission. The most serious issue I can anticipate is the way that we don’t truly know who we are battling. Regardless of whether we were to kill Bin Laden would that stop the al-Qaeda(bin Laden’s psychological oppressor association). Most cells of the al-Queada are totally independent. They raise their own assets and plan their own missions (Beyer, 59). Also, there are aficionados that work totally autonomously of enormous associations. Would we be able to stop them all? Since we are worry about non military personnel setbacks, how would we strike the psychological oppressors who live and work in significant urban communities? ... Free Essays on War On Terror Free Essays on War On Terror How can one hope to win a war on psychological oppression? Battling psychological militants resembles battling drug cartels. The fear based oppressors have the bit of leeway. They are little and flexibility not at all like the US, which is huge and drowsy. We have such a large number of rules and methodology for battling wars when we are set up to strike our insight will be out of date. Our associations are so mechanical with their standards and guidelines, it makes us increasingly helpless to invasion. The very opportunities we attempt to ensure are what make the US such any obvious objective. The main route for George Bush to battle this war is a similar way his dad battled the Gulf War: Lots of air strikes. They are significantly more powerful and run a lower danger of further American losses. We have the cash, and innovation to utilize rockets so why not use them? For what reason would it be a good idea for us to placed more Americans in harm's way? Potentially the most exceedingly awful misstep the United States can makes utilizing ground troops. Have we taken in anything from Vietnam? We can’t go into antagonistic landscape and region with enormous armed forces attempting to battle customary fighting. Our powers would be taken out individually by marksmen and all around strengthened shelters. On the off chance that the US should move in with ground troops, there should just be all around arranged strategic strikes that require barely any individuals and once in the field has no or constrained contact with central leadership (Clark). This will ensure both the men and the mission. The most serious issue I can anticipate is the way that we don’t truly know who we are battling. Regardless of whether we were to kill Bin Laden would that stop the al-Qaeda(bin Laden’s psychological oppressor association). Most cells of the al-Queada are totally self-sufficient. They raise their own assets and plan their own missions (Beyer, 59). Additionally, there are fan that work totally freely of huge associations. Would we be able to stop them all? Since we are worry about non military personnel setbacks, how would we strike the fear based oppressors who live and work in significant urban communities? ...

reBuy

reBuy Entrepreneurial Insights / Cleverism team interviewed the founder CEO of reBuy Lawrence Leuschner. ReBuy is a reCommerce startup initially founded in 2004 and online launched in 2009 in Berlin.We have asked Lawrence several in-depth questions about the business model of reBuy, the market development of reCommerce, as well as Lawrences personal advices for other entrepreneurs!Lawrence also provided an analogy of entrepreneurship with a soccer game!Martin: Hi, today we are in Berlin with reBuy (www.rebuy.de). Lawrence, who are you and what do you do?Lawrence: My name is Lawrence. I am the Founder and CEO of reBuy. Our business model is pretty easy, we buy media and electronic products from our customers directly through our website and sell them through our channel reBuy on the homepage as a shop.Martin: When you did you start this company, and why did you start this company?Lawrence: The question why is pretty easy. My friend and I who started doing this business, we were two founde rs and then we were five founders. We were just sick of working for other people, it as really hard for us because they always told us what we should do, and as a young guy who is very open-minded, who wants to do something with his life, it was pretty hard. And then we decided that we should something on our own. And then decision was then that we should found something in our community which makes sense, which fits our interest, and what we can think and what we can build big. The idea was that we should up a store in our little town in Hesse where we would buy and trade used video games. And the idea was pretty good, but then we had to decide who was going to be in the store. We were both going to school, we were very young, and then there was the problem of who should be in the store and there was no solution, so we decided we should bring it to the internet because then we can reach everybody in the country, nobody has to go after school or during school or skip school to go to the shop. And then we needed other founders to help us program the website, and then we had two friends from our community who helped us to program our idea, and then we started with Tradeagame.de as website for used video games.Martin: When you first started with this offline shop, how did you finance the rental, did your parents or family help you with that?Lawrence: We didn’t have the time to be in the store so we decided to be online, and then we could do the work from home, and the video games that we offered for the customers was in my basement where I lived in my parents’ house, so we didn’t need a lot of money in the beginning. We had through business from friends who helped us to buy the first stock for the exchange of the video games and to found the company, and each of the founders used credit from our parents to bring some money on the table to do some marketing. So it was very lean in the beginning and every one of us was very committed.Martin: Let’s talk abou t the business model. How is the business model working right now, just the basic structure?Lawrence: It’s very easy. You as a customer have a lot of books at home, DVDs, you may have a mobile phone that you don’t use anymore, so you have a bunch of stuff that’s in your bookshelves, in your rooms, and there is a value for it. You can bring that value to our website, it’s very easy, you go on the website and you type in the name of the product that you have, and then for every product you get one price. It’s a fixed price, it’s not a bargain, it’s not an auction model. Then, normally, the customer sends us a box of around 20 products, that’s everything in, media and electronic products. And the average value is €80-90. So you sell the products to us as a company, we check every product, we grade every product. We have a big logistics center where we have a lot of people who really really take care of the products, who clean the products, who sometimes repair the pro ducts, and then we store them. And then we offer them with a nice discount as used stuff, repaired, refurbished, cleaned, on our website. So you can sell stuff to us and you can buy used stuff from us.Martin: You said that you started with these games and now you’re telling me you have got this media products and electronics, when did you start thinking about adding new product categories?Lawrence: For me in the beginning I was very sure that we were just being a games company, and we wanted to be the biggest used retailer of games, that was our vision. After a few years, between 2004 and 2007, I had military service, the founders were going to university or to school, so we didn’t have a lot of time to develop the business. And then in 2007 we said, okay, we want to be number one in the used games sector. We needed about two years, then we made revenues of around three, four, five million Euros, and with that size we were the biggest company of used games in Germany. We said, o kay, there is digitalization of media in the future, and a lot of customers said we want to have more used products, because the experience of using used products, for example a video game or a move, is just the same as you would buy it new. The game is the same, the actor plays the same role, there is no difference, but you have a nice discount of 40%. So we said with this business model we have to think bigger. And then 2009 we decided that we should expand our categories, and we started then with music, with DVDs, with consoles, and further on we saw the potential of the vision that in the future we can trade anything used, it doesn’t matter what it is. It can be clothes in the future, it can be cars, it can be everything, because there is the need of people who have products that home that they don’t want to put up in auction, e-Bay, and there are people who want to have a great discount on buying used stuff.And 2009 was the time when Al Gore presented all his values about t he climate change, and that influenced us into thinking more ecologically. And in the past we had the offer of buying new games as well, then we said we will just quit working and doing business with new stuff, we said we just want to do used stuff. So in the beginning it was very ecological, we offered the customer to sell stuff and they can do a charity for certain amount of the bank account, so there was a lot of green thinking in it. Because recommerce is very green, and it’s reusing, recycling, and that’s why we call it recommerce. It’s not ecommerce, it recommerce, recycling and reusing commerce, and that’s why we have this green touch and our culture is always thinking a bit green. But the business model itself is not a non-profit organization, it’s a business for profit. But the idea of it came in 2009.Martin: And when you are sourcing these boxes of €80-90 per box, what is the value proposition that you pitch to sellers of these boxes so they sell their books or media to you and not to others?Lawrence: We always have the three key points. It’s very easy, you just have to write the name, write the number, you can scan it with our app on the barcode on the back of the product, so you get a fixed price, very easy, and you can sell it very easy to us. It’s one box, it’s 20 products for €90. And on eBay you have to have an auction for every article, because no one’s buying your collection of your special interest. At the end the customer has to set up 20 options, 20 feedbacks to customers, because customers are asking questions, what condition the product is in, how old is it, blah, blah, blah. So we make the whole pain-in-the-ass e-Bay experience to a very convenient experience at reBuy.Second point, it’s really fast. It takes a lot of time sending that stuff on e-bay. It can take weeks because nobody’s buying it. We always have to wait if somebody is interested in buying your products, whereas we buy directly. So when you put ev erything in the box you get a label from us, and then you send the products to us, it takes about two day, we check it within 24 hours, and then you get your money in the next 24 hours. So it’s five to six days in total for selling your stuff and getting you money. So it’s very fast, second point.Third point, it’s very safe. There is nobody on the other side who tries to rip you off, there is a company behind it, and if you are not satisfied with the price you get it back, you can see the price on the website. So it’s very safe. And if you have any problems buying used stuff from us it’s very cheap.Martin: One of your key competences should be the pricing of the goods when you buy them. What I would find interesting is how do you price different products, and if it depends the on quality level of the used product, what happens if the delivered is lower than promised?Lawrence: It’s a good question. It depends. In the media segment, it’s very easy, we have a certain leve l of quality that we need, so we tell the customer at the beginning the sides of the book should not be ripped off, it should be in a normal, useable condition, to make it very easy. Normally there is no difference between the customer perspective and our perspective. So that’s very easy, there is no conflict. In the electronics sector it’s a bit different, because people have to grade their product. For example a mobile phone, they have to say what condition it is in overall, for example, it is very nice, it is in a very good condition, there’s no scratches, that’s what normally people say. If we get it and we see there are some scratches, maybe it was in the bathroom and inside there is water damage, so we check every product because we need to give guarantee to our customers on the selling side. So there is a certain rate of conflicts where have to tell a customer that we see it in a different way, if you don’t agree no problem, we send it back for free, it’s no probl em, but our experts have really tested every product and we can give you the information on what’s wrong. For example we now take pictures so the customer is really safe to know what’s going on. And then we offer the customer a new price, a new fair price, and then the customer decides whether it is okay it is fair or not, and normally the customer says it’s fair, and then it’s a new price agreement, and then it is fine.Martin: Can you tell us a little bit more about the corporate structure, where you are currently active in terms of operations, and what type of functions for the people working there and how do you make the split, for example?Lawrence: Our business reBuy it’s just in Germany and Austria. We have one logistics center, it’s here in Rudow in Berlin. Then we have our headquarters which are in the same building. In logistics there is a big split, there are people who are taking care of the inbound, the products coming in, checking the articles, we call it gra ding. And there is another part of people stocking the product and then sending it to the people who are buying it. Around 250 people are working this logistics department. We have around 30 people in our customer service, taking care of our customer questions. And then we have another a hundred people in our headquarters. We try to work with small teams, tech people, product management people, marketing people, for example, who develop our website, and there are some administrative operations like financing, accounting, controlling. But we try to push the company and the headquarters more into a technology company where we try to make the customer experience better for the customer every day. So that’s the overall view.Martin: Besides the pricing, what other core competencies could you identify for reBuy?Lawrence: Pricing is one, the second one is grading. We have developed our software from inbound to outbound, so we actually known what we’re going to check when the product ar rives. Our software service is so intelligent that we can add new questions very fast, so if we want to add tennis racket, for example, as a new category, sports equipment, we can drag and drop a new category. We know then that for a tennis racket we have to check out if there is any crack, that’s a question, we have to check that. So the whole grading process if one of our competences.Customer experience is one where we really focus on getting better every day, because we try to make it very easy for the customer, we’re picking up the stuff, we’re paying for the shipment, we have a process that is really fast towards the customer. So I would say pricing, customer experience and grading, that’s all three competencies.Martin: Let’s talk about the market development, especially contrasting the primary ecommerce market and the secondary ecommerce market, which is the market that you’re in. Can you elaborate on the market development in Austria and Germany over the last year s in terms of which market has grown faster and in which segments, and what would be your guess or forecast for the future?Lawrence: It’s a very underestimated and very very big market. The market data that you have is really poor, because most of the market research is on the new products. But there is some research that shows how big the market is, for example in German households there are 80 million mobile phones lying around, and that’s just stuff that’s not used anymore.Martin: Really, unused?Lawrence: Yes, unused 80 million mobile phones somewhere in their homes. So that’s just one category of phones that are not being used anymore. And when we started with this business in 2007, we really started in our flat in Hesse. We were pretty much the only ones who started this business. And now we have 25 competitors in this recommerce sector in Germany, so it’s very tough competition now. The biggest companies, they do together around €200 million in revenues. So from ze ro to two hundred in three to five years, that was pretty fast. There are 20 to 30 other companies doing the same business but on a lower level, so there are a lot of players in the market.With our website we sell the most used products in Germany in a shop, so we have a very nice position in the market. And we’re competing more with eBay and Amazon marketplace, because eBay is a big company, they have a lot of customers, and they see recommerce as a threat, they try to get into this business but they have no logistics. So we always try to make it easier and see where the problems of eBay are. But eBay is a very successful company and they do a billions of Euros in revenue in Germany, that’s a big step ahead from us, it’s where we should be in a few years, but it takes a bit of time. And Amazon is the second one in the used market, their marketplace is pretty big as well. So their numbers are growing, our number are growing, the whole market is growing, and it’s growing more into a recommerce segment. But we have to motivate, we have to tell people it is very easy selling stuff, because people used to sell a lot of stuff on eBay, but then they had bad experiences, there were some fraud problems and whatever, so the customers didn’t feel very safe anymore. For me as a customer as well, I was selling a lot of stuff on eBay. So we try to professionalize the market, make it easier, and then more of the classical used business from C2C companies should go to the C2B2C companies like reBuy.Martin: And in terms of market size, etc. for other European countries, or maybe some Asian markets, can you tell us something about that?Lawrence: Lets talk about mobile phones. Mobile phones are growing in every country heavily, for example in India ten million phones are being used every month. So there is a lot what I would call ‘electronic waste’, which we can reuse in every country. And, as I said, every household in Germany has the potential of being one custo mer by selling us their stuff. So has every country, because every country is using media, is using tech equipment, mobile phones, so there is always a need. And these markets are underdeveloped in comparison to Germany. For example, UK is a bit ahead of Germany, but in other countries outside of Germany there is so much potential to use recommerce.Martin: Lawrence, we always try to explain to people and give them some advice on starting companies. You told me that you always try to help your friends and give them advice, what advice can you share with our readers?Lawrence: Well, we can talk for hours, it is a very fascinating question because after ten years of entrepreneurship you can still do so many things wrong. And what I think is pretty good is that we always try to listen to other people. Sometime we take their advice and use it, sometimes not, but it’s very important even now to listen to more experienced people to get better. And for me there is no year, no moment, no da y when I don’t learn something. So it’s always important to be open, to try to get advisers, not to be in their own framework, maybe to get a mentor, maybe to surround yourself with people who are a bit more experienced or in the same situation, get experienced people into your management team who are better in a certain segment. Because as an entrepreneur you start to do everything by yourself, but then if you want to be really good in your business you need to get people who are specialists in their areas. So that’s very important to learn every day, to be open to learn.I think the willingness, the will power is pretty important. There were so many times when we were bankrupt or almost bankrupt, and we always said, come on, we can do this, let’s go further, let’s forget the pain, we can do it. And there were many times where we said okay it is not going to work, but we had the willpower to say, okay, we’ll go on. And that’s something very important, because not every business goes like this. Most of the times the business over years goes like this, and when you have go down you always have to stand up and say, okay, that is how life is, you have to stand up and go forward and look forward. So I think willpower as a characteristic of an entrepreneur is pretty important.Martin: Lawrence, you are a big soccer fan. Maybe you can give some kind of analogy between football and entrepreneurship, and what entrepreneurs can learn from soccer games, especially through the soccer world cup.Lawrence: Okay. If you would ask my management team, they can’t hear the soccer analogies to business anymore. [chuckles] No, but really I think there are lot of things that you can compare. For example, tonight playing the last game in the group games against USA, there is a lot of pressure for the team. As I said, they were up after the first game and then they went down against Ghana to 2 and people were not excited anymore, but you have to stand up now, you have t o be cool, you have to focus, and you have to think about what you can do. Believe in your strength, and if you the willpowers, if you believe you can do it, and the team is strong, then you will make it. And most of the games, most of the decisions in the business start in the head, so I think tonight if the brain is there, the concentration is there, the focus is there, and they go with a certain type of charisma on the field, for example Schweinsteiger who is on my back, we will win the game.Martin: So good luck for Germany.

reBuy

reBuy Entrepreneurial Insights / Cleverism team interviewed the founder CEO of reBuy Lawrence Leuschner. ReBuy is a reCommerce startup initially founded in 2004 and online launched in 2009 in Berlin.We have asked Lawrence several in-depth questions about the business model of reBuy, the market development of reCommerce, as well as Lawrences personal advices for other entrepreneurs!Lawrence also provided an analogy of entrepreneurship with a soccer game!Martin: Hi, today we are in Berlin with reBuy (www.rebuy.de). Lawrence, who are you and what do you do?Lawrence: My name is Lawrence. I am the Founder and CEO of reBuy. Our business model is pretty easy, we buy media and electronic products from our customers directly through our website and sell them through our channel reBuy on the homepage as a shop.Martin: When you did you start this company, and why did you start this company?Lawrence: The question why is pretty easy. My friend and I who started doing this business, we were two founde rs and then we were five founders. We were just sick of working for other people, it as really hard for us because they always told us what we should do, and as a young guy who is very open-minded, who wants to do something with his life, it was pretty hard. And then we decided that we should something on our own. And then decision was then that we should found something in our community which makes sense, which fits our interest, and what we can think and what we can build big. The idea was that we should up a store in our little town in Hesse where we would buy and trade used video games. And the idea was pretty good, but then we had to decide who was going to be in the store. We were both going to school, we were very young, and then there was the problem of who should be in the store and there was no solution, so we decided we should bring it to the internet because then we can reach everybody in the country, nobody has to go after school or during school or skip school to go to the shop. And then we needed other founders to help us program the website, and then we had two friends from our community who helped us to program our idea, and then we started with Tradeagame.de as website for used video games.Martin: When you first started with this offline shop, how did you finance the rental, did your parents or family help you with that?Lawrence: We didn’t have the time to be in the store so we decided to be online, and then we could do the work from home, and the video games that we offered for the customers was in my basement where I lived in my parents’ house, so we didn’t need a lot of money in the beginning. We had through business from friends who helped us to buy the first stock for the exchange of the video games and to found the company, and each of the founders used credit from our parents to bring some money on the table to do some marketing. So it was very lean in the beginning and every one of us was very committed.Martin: Let’s talk abou t the business model. How is the business model working right now, just the basic structure?Lawrence: It’s very easy. You as a customer have a lot of books at home, DVDs, you may have a mobile phone that you don’t use anymore, so you have a bunch of stuff that’s in your bookshelves, in your rooms, and there is a value for it. You can bring that value to our website, it’s very easy, you go on the website and you type in the name of the product that you have, and then for every product you get one price. It’s a fixed price, it’s not a bargain, it’s not an auction model. Then, normally, the customer sends us a box of around 20 products, that’s everything in, media and electronic products. And the average value is €80-90. So you sell the products to us as a company, we check every product, we grade every product. We have a big logistics center where we have a lot of people who really really take care of the products, who clean the products, who sometimes repair the pro ducts, and then we store them. And then we offer them with a nice discount as used stuff, repaired, refurbished, cleaned, on our website. So you can sell stuff to us and you can buy used stuff from us.Martin: You said that you started with these games and now you’re telling me you have got this media products and electronics, when did you start thinking about adding new product categories?Lawrence: For me in the beginning I was very sure that we were just being a games company, and we wanted to be the biggest used retailer of games, that was our vision. After a few years, between 2004 and 2007, I had military service, the founders were going to university or to school, so we didn’t have a lot of time to develop the business. And then in 2007 we said, okay, we want to be number one in the used games sector. We needed about two years, then we made revenues of around three, four, five million Euros, and with that size we were the biggest company of used games in Germany. We said, o kay, there is digitalization of media in the future, and a lot of customers said we want to have more used products, because the experience of using used products, for example a video game or a move, is just the same as you would buy it new. The game is the same, the actor plays the same role, there is no difference, but you have a nice discount of 40%. So we said with this business model we have to think bigger. And then 2009 we decided that we should expand our categories, and we started then with music, with DVDs, with consoles, and further on we saw the potential of the vision that in the future we can trade anything used, it doesn’t matter what it is. It can be clothes in the future, it can be cars, it can be everything, because there is the need of people who have products that home that they don’t want to put up in auction, e-Bay, and there are people who want to have a great discount on buying used stuff.And 2009 was the time when Al Gore presented all his values about t he climate change, and that influenced us into thinking more ecologically. And in the past we had the offer of buying new games as well, then we said we will just quit working and doing business with new stuff, we said we just want to do used stuff. So in the beginning it was very ecological, we offered the customer to sell stuff and they can do a charity for certain amount of the bank account, so there was a lot of green thinking in it. Because recommerce is very green, and it’s reusing, recycling, and that’s why we call it recommerce. It’s not ecommerce, it recommerce, recycling and reusing commerce, and that’s why we have this green touch and our culture is always thinking a bit green. But the business model itself is not a non-profit organization, it’s a business for profit. But the idea of it came in 2009.Martin: And when you are sourcing these boxes of €80-90 per box, what is the value proposition that you pitch to sellers of these boxes so they sell their books or media to you and not to others?Lawrence: We always have the three key points. It’s very easy, you just have to write the name, write the number, you can scan it with our app on the barcode on the back of the product, so you get a fixed price, very easy, and you can sell it very easy to us. It’s one box, it’s 20 products for €90. And on eBay you have to have an auction for every article, because no one’s buying your collection of your special interest. At the end the customer has to set up 20 options, 20 feedbacks to customers, because customers are asking questions, what condition the product is in, how old is it, blah, blah, blah. So we make the whole pain-in-the-ass e-Bay experience to a very convenient experience at reBuy.Second point, it’s really fast. It takes a lot of time sending that stuff on e-bay. It can take weeks because nobody’s buying it. We always have to wait if somebody is interested in buying your products, whereas we buy directly. So when you put ev erything in the box you get a label from us, and then you send the products to us, it takes about two day, we check it within 24 hours, and then you get your money in the next 24 hours. So it’s five to six days in total for selling your stuff and getting you money. So it’s very fast, second point.Third point, it’s very safe. There is nobody on the other side who tries to rip you off, there is a company behind it, and if you are not satisfied with the price you get it back, you can see the price on the website. So it’s very safe. And if you have any problems buying used stuff from us it’s very cheap.Martin: One of your key competences should be the pricing of the goods when you buy them. What I would find interesting is how do you price different products, and if it depends the on quality level of the used product, what happens if the delivered is lower than promised?Lawrence: It’s a good question. It depends. In the media segment, it’s very easy, we have a certain leve l of quality that we need, so we tell the customer at the beginning the sides of the book should not be ripped off, it should be in a normal, useable condition, to make it very easy. Normally there is no difference between the customer perspective and our perspective. So that’s very easy, there is no conflict. In the electronics sector it’s a bit different, because people have to grade their product. For example a mobile phone, they have to say what condition it is in overall, for example, it is very nice, it is in a very good condition, there’s no scratches, that’s what normally people say. If we get it and we see there are some scratches, maybe it was in the bathroom and inside there is water damage, so we check every product because we need to give guarantee to our customers on the selling side. So there is a certain rate of conflicts where have to tell a customer that we see it in a different way, if you don’t agree no problem, we send it back for free, it’s no probl em, but our experts have really tested every product and we can give you the information on what’s wrong. For example we now take pictures so the customer is really safe to know what’s going on. And then we offer the customer a new price, a new fair price, and then the customer decides whether it is okay it is fair or not, and normally the customer says it’s fair, and then it’s a new price agreement, and then it is fine.Martin: Can you tell us a little bit more about the corporate structure, where you are currently active in terms of operations, and what type of functions for the people working there and how do you make the split, for example?Lawrence: Our business reBuy it’s just in Germany and Austria. We have one logistics center, it’s here in Rudow in Berlin. Then we have our headquarters which are in the same building. In logistics there is a big split, there are people who are taking care of the inbound, the products coming in, checking the articles, we call it gra ding. And there is another part of people stocking the product and then sending it to the people who are buying it. Around 250 people are working this logistics department. We have around 30 people in our customer service, taking care of our customer questions. And then we have another a hundred people in our headquarters. We try to work with small teams, tech people, product management people, marketing people, for example, who develop our website, and there are some administrative operations like financing, accounting, controlling. But we try to push the company and the headquarters more into a technology company where we try to make the customer experience better for the customer every day. So that’s the overall view.Martin: Besides the pricing, what other core competencies could you identify for reBuy?Lawrence: Pricing is one, the second one is grading. We have developed our software from inbound to outbound, so we actually known what we’re going to check when the product ar rives. Our software service is so intelligent that we can add new questions very fast, so if we want to add tennis racket, for example, as a new category, sports equipment, we can drag and drop a new category. We know then that for a tennis racket we have to check out if there is any crack, that’s a question, we have to check that. So the whole grading process if one of our competences.Customer experience is one where we really focus on getting better every day, because we try to make it very easy for the customer, we’re picking up the stuff, we’re paying for the shipment, we have a process that is really fast towards the customer. So I would say pricing, customer experience and grading, that’s all three competencies.Martin: Let’s talk about the market development, especially contrasting the primary ecommerce market and the secondary ecommerce market, which is the market that you’re in. Can you elaborate on the market development in Austria and Germany over the last year s in terms of which market has grown faster and in which segments, and what would be your guess or forecast for the future?Lawrence: It’s a very underestimated and very very big market. The market data that you have is really poor, because most of the market research is on the new products. But there is some research that shows how big the market is, for example in German households there are 80 million mobile phones lying around, and that’s just stuff that’s not used anymore.Martin: Really, unused?Lawrence: Yes, unused 80 million mobile phones somewhere in their homes. So that’s just one category of phones that are not being used anymore. And when we started with this business in 2007, we really started in our flat in Hesse. We were pretty much the only ones who started this business. And now we have 25 competitors in this recommerce sector in Germany, so it’s very tough competition now. The biggest companies, they do together around €200 million in revenues. So from ze ro to two hundred in three to five years, that was pretty fast. There are 20 to 30 other companies doing the same business but on a lower level, so there are a lot of players in the market.With our website we sell the most used products in Germany in a shop, so we have a very nice position in the market. And we’re competing more with eBay and Amazon marketplace, because eBay is a big company, they have a lot of customers, and they see recommerce as a threat, they try to get into this business but they have no logistics. So we always try to make it easier and see where the problems of eBay are. But eBay is a very successful company and they do a billions of Euros in revenue in Germany, that’s a big step ahead from us, it’s where we should be in a few years, but it takes a bit of time. And Amazon is the second one in the used market, their marketplace is pretty big as well. So their numbers are growing, our number are growing, the whole market is growing, and it’s growing more into a recommerce segment. But we have to motivate, we have to tell people it is very easy selling stuff, because people used to sell a lot of stuff on eBay, but then they had bad experiences, there were some fraud problems and whatever, so the customers didn’t feel very safe anymore. For me as a customer as well, I was selling a lot of stuff on eBay. So we try to professionalize the market, make it easier, and then more of the classical used business from C2C companies should go to the C2B2C companies like reBuy.Martin: And in terms of market size, etc. for other European countries, or maybe some Asian markets, can you tell us something about that?Lawrence: Lets talk about mobile phones. Mobile phones are growing in every country heavily, for example in India ten million phones are being used every month. So there is a lot what I would call ‘electronic waste’, which we can reuse in every country. And, as I said, every household in Germany has the potential of being one custo mer by selling us their stuff. So has every country, because every country is using media, is using tech equipment, mobile phones, so there is always a need. And these markets are underdeveloped in comparison to Germany. For example, UK is a bit ahead of Germany, but in other countries outside of Germany there is so much potential to use recommerce.Martin: Lawrence, we always try to explain to people and give them some advice on starting companies. You told me that you always try to help your friends and give them advice, what advice can you share with our readers?Lawrence: Well, we can talk for hours, it is a very fascinating question because after ten years of entrepreneurship you can still do so many things wrong. And what I think is pretty good is that we always try to listen to other people. Sometime we take their advice and use it, sometimes not, but it’s very important even now to listen to more experienced people to get better. And for me there is no year, no moment, no da y when I don’t learn something. So it’s always important to be open, to try to get advisers, not to be in their own framework, maybe to get a mentor, maybe to surround yourself with people who are a bit more experienced or in the same situation, get experienced people into your management team who are better in a certain segment. Because as an entrepreneur you start to do everything by yourself, but then if you want to be really good in your business you need to get people who are specialists in their areas. So that’s very important to learn every day, to be open to learn.I think the willingness, the will power is pretty important. There were so many times when we were bankrupt or almost bankrupt, and we always said, come on, we can do this, let’s go further, let’s forget the pain, we can do it. And there were many times where we said okay it is not going to work, but we had the willpower to say, okay, we’ll go on. And that’s something very important, because not every business goes like this. Most of the times the business over years goes like this, and when you have go down you always have to stand up and say, okay, that is how life is, you have to stand up and go forward and look forward. So I think willpower as a characteristic of an entrepreneur is pretty important.Martin: Lawrence, you are a big soccer fan. Maybe you can give some kind of analogy between football and entrepreneurship, and what entrepreneurs can learn from soccer games, especially through the soccer world cup.Lawrence: Okay. If you would ask my management team, they can’t hear the soccer analogies to business anymore. [chuckles] No, but really I think there are lot of things that you can compare. For example, tonight playing the last game in the group games against USA, there is a lot of pressure for the team. As I said, they were up after the first game and then they went down against Ghana to 2 and people were not excited anymore, but you have to stand up now, you have t o be cool, you have to focus, and you have to think about what you can do. Believe in your strength, and if you the willpowers, if you believe you can do it, and the team is strong, then you will make it. And most of the games, most of the decisions in the business start in the head, so I think tonight if the brain is there, the concentration is there, the focus is there, and they go with a certain type of charisma on the field, for example Schweinsteiger who is on my back, we will win the game.Martin: So good luck for Germany.

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Is First Do No Harm Part of the Hippocratic Oath

The expression first do no harm is a popular term used to express the underlying ethical rules of modern medicine. Although this is generally thought to have been taken from the ancient Greek Hippocratic oath, no translations of the oath contain this language.   Key Takeaways The expression first do no harm, which is a Latin phrase, is not part of the original or modern versions of the Hippocratic oath, which was originally written in Greek.  The Hippocratic oath, written in the 5th century BCE, does contain language suggesting that the physician and his assistants should not cause physical or moral harm to a patient.  The first known published version of do no harm dates to medical texts from the mid-19th century, and is attributed to the 17th century English physician Thomas Sydenham.   What Does First Do No Harm Mean? First do no harm is a popular saying that derives from the Latin phrase, primum non nocere or primum nil nocere. The term is particularly popular amongst those involved in the field of healthcare, medicine, or bioethics, and among popular accounts of the medical field, since it is a basic principle taught in healthcare-providing classes. The takeaway point of first do no harm is that, in certain cases, it may be better to do nothing rather than intervening and potentially causing more harm than good.   History of the Hippocratic Oath   The Hippocratic oath is part of an outline of essential ethics in medicine which is described in ancient Greek literature. Hippocrates was a Greek physician who lived on the island of Cos between about 460-370 BCE. He wrote many medical texts and is considered one of the most important figures in ancient Greek medicine. He is generally credited with writing the original Hippocratic Oath.   The oldest extant mention of the Hippocratic Oath was found on a medical papyrus dated to the 5th century CE, one of the many thousands of manuscripts found in the archaeological treasure trove Oxyrhynchus. The oldest extant version is from the 10th century CE. It is stored in the Vatican library. The original is thought to have been a written law of the medical fraternal organization on the island of Cos, of which Hippocrates was a member. Written in Greek about 421 BCE, the oath was originally intended as a pledge between a master (the physician) and his qualified assistants.   The Original Purpose of the Oath Healers in Athenian society were known as Asclepiads and they belonged to a guild (koinon), to which they inherited their right of membership from their fathers. Hippocrates father and grandfather before him were members of the guild on Cos. Then, doctors were itinerant specialists who carried their skills from city to city, setting up surgeries. Rather than a promise made by new doctors on joining the guild, the oath was sworn by nurses and assistants in the various surgeries as part of a promise to obey the doctor.   According to the original Hippocratic oath, these assistants were to respect their masters, share medical knowledge, help patients and avoid harming them medically or personally, seek help from other physicians when necessary, and keep patient information confidential.  Ã‚   However, there is no mention of the phrase first do no harm in the original oath. Hippocratic Oath in Modern Usage Although first do no harm does not actually come from the Hippocratic oath verbatim, it can be argued that it does come from that text in essence. That is, similar ideas are conveyed in the text of the Hippocratic Oath. Take, for example, this related section which has been translated as: I will follow that system of regimen which, according to my ability and judgment, I consider for the benefit of my patients, and abstain from whatever is deleterious and mischievous. I will give no deadly medicine to anyone if asked, nor suggest any such counsel, and in like manner I will not give to a woman a pessary to produce abortion.   In reading the Hippocratic oath, it is apparent that not harming the patient is explicit. However, it is not clear that abstain from whatever is deleterious is equivalent to doing no harm.   Of the Epidemics A closer version to the succinct do no harm does come (possibly) from Hippocrates, however. Of the Epidemics is a part of the Hippocratic Corpus, which is a collection of ancient Greek medical texts written between 500 and 400 BCE. Hippocrates was never proven to be the author of any of these works, but the theories do follow closely with Hippocrates teachings. Regarding first do no harm, Of the Epidemics is considered to be the more likely source of the popular saying. Consider this quote: The physician must be able to tell the antecedents, know the present, and foretell the future  Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã‚  must mediate these things, and have two special objects in view with regard to disease, namely, to do good or to do no harm.   However, according to an exhaustive search of the ancient and historical literature conducted by pharmacologist Cedric M. Smith, the phrase primum non nocere does not appear in medical texts until the mid-19th century, when it is attributed to the 17th century English physician Thomas Sydenham.   The Hippocratic Oath At many medical schools, but by no means all, a version of the Hippocratic oath is given to the student on graduation or read to the students in the first year. Different countries have different customs about the oath. In French medical schools, it is common to have the student sign the oath on graduation. In the Netherlands, students must swear to it verbally.   At graduation, some deans read the oath while the students stand silent. In others, the students repeat a modern version of the oath at the graduation ceremony. However, data on these reports do not tell how often primum non nocere is included as part of the oath.   Sources Crawshaw, Ralph. The Hippocratic Oath [with Reply]. BMJ. BMJ: British Medical Journal, T. H. Pennington, C. I. Pennington, et al., Vol. 309, No. 6959, JSTOR, October 8, 1994. Jones, Mary Cadwalader. The Hippocratic Oath. The American Journal of Nursing. Vol. 9, No. 4, JSTOR, January 1909.   Nittis, Savas. The Authorship and Probable Date of the Hippocratic Oath. The Johns Hopkins University Press. Bulletin of the History of Medicine, Vol. 8, No. 7, JSTOR, July 1940. Shmerling, Robert H., MD. The Myth of the Hippocratic Oath. Harvard Health Publishing. Harvard Medical School, Harvard Health Blog, Harvard University, November 28, 2015. Smith, Cedric M. Origin and Uses of Primum Non Nocere  Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã‚  Above All, Do No Harm! The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, Volume 45, Issue 4, American College of Clinical Pharmacology, John Wiley Sons, Inc., March 7, 2013.

The Run Down on How to Start an Essay about Myself Exposed

The Run Down on How to Start an Essay about Myself Exposed How to Start an Essay about Myself: the Ultimate Convenience! So for those who have an essay assigned that you require help with, you can purchase essay online cheap from us. If this is the case, you may wish to understand what an expository essay is. In order to comprehend how a personal essay appears like, you should go through few successful samples. How a crucial essay ought to be written. As soon as you inform us about all of the paper information, we'll begin searching for an ideal writer for your paper. It'll be so much simpler to write, once you've finished your paper. Writing a prosperous paper about yourself always begin with an appropriate analysis. Do you learn how to pay an introduction. The structure of private statement is easier. With that procedure, you'll certainly have a fantastic foundation to begin a paragraph describing yourself. Understand your topic well and make certain you explain your points in easy and understandable language. Choose an interesting topic as you want to develop a good story and analyze it. When you locate a topic you want, sit down and write for one hour or so. You will ideally address a single topic in 1 paragraph. What You Must Know About How to Start an Essay about Myself The type of essay you're looking for will be offered to you within the deadline offered to you. A fantastic college essay introduction is essential to making your essay stand out, so there's plenty of pressure to receive it exactly perfect. Therefore, when you have a few really excellent life stories to share, don't hesitate to do it. Don't forget, your private essay might be the truth, but it doesn't indicate you shouldn't consider it from a creative writing mindset. It is possible to easily buy unique college essays and don't neglect to tell friends and family about it. When students are requested to compose an introduce myself essay, a lot of them turn to different on-line writing services like essays-service. So should you need to employ college essay writer online, we're just the people that you will need to contact. While it's the case that there are a few excellent writers in college some find it extremely tricky to write. It's natural for the student to find the recommendations of a reliable adult or writing tutor to aid in ideas and essay training, as it can be hard to look at from an outside perspective. Give them a general idea of what you could do well, and describe ways to contribute your knowledge to the prosperity of that specific college or university. Any student, for example, who wishes to submit an application for a grant or scholarship is very likely to be asked to offer a description of themselves and usually an explanation as to why they are worthy of this kind of opportunity. For instance, a student who's applying for a scholarship can be requested to describe themselves and explain the reason why they ought to be given an opportunity. As soon as you receive a task done from us you will return again if you need assistance with another one of your essays. Essays are generally not very long, therefore it's no real surprise that teachers would assign a whole lot of them to write. The essays act as a glimpse into how your mind works, how you see the world and offers perspective. Writing a critical essay demands training and experience, but the most significant thing is it requires observation. Choose whether you would rather an enjoyable anecdote or a critical take-away, but your key goal needs to be determined at once to prevent losing your focus. 1 thing to remember is that for your private essay to genuinely stand out, you will need to write about an experience that not everybody goes through. It's true, you're likely to get the urge to want to send off your draft immediately, but you haveto dig in. To guarantee that you will see a complete answer to every question, we've got a support team that's always onl ine. You could also get in touch with your writer to supply some added recommendations or request information regarding the order's progress. Make your very first order at this time and find the help you need whenever possible. It is preferable to acquire professional writing assistance from the corresponding support. What all you will need is getting the assistance from a specialist and EssaysChief is going to be the expert that you seek out.

Contact and Consumer Law Insensitive External Market

Question: Describe about the Contact and Consumer Law for Insensitive External Market. Answer: Unconscionable conduct Meaning When a business conduct is too harsh or insensitive to external market forces in a manner that it goes against ethical code of conduct, then, that particular action of an organization is declared as unconscionable conduct. It is mandatory for the business enterprises to avoid such conduct so as to get exempted from any disciplinary actions underneath Australian Consumer Law. The concept is not defined in a specific manner since it is a result of amendments and up gradation of regulations regarding business conduct. When certain cases appeared in front of the court, new laws and jurisdictions have been passed to give effect to such issues. However, it has been referred to as a conduct which is oppressive to customers or competitors of an organization. It is also said to be unfair, but a business action to be declared as unconscionable, it should be more than unfair. As per the jurisdictions from Australian courts, those business operations which involve deliberate misconduct against c onscience are declared as unconscionable conducts (Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, 2015). Media release: Lux was ordered to pay $ 370,000 penalty for unconscionable conduct Summary of the facts Lux Distributors Pty. Ltd. found to be engaged in unconscionable conduct during the period between 2009 and 2011. It was caught to operate against the section 21 of the Australian Consumer Law. Its conduct also broke the legislations of section 51AB of the Trade Practices Act, 1974. The company was found to be involved in an unconscionable conduct in the facet of dealing with five aged people regarding sale of vacuum cleaners. One of the companys sales people called some women in their premises by saying that the company is providing free service to its customers. In this scheme, they will give free maintenance service for their vacuum cleaners. The women were pressurised to purchase new vacuum cleaners by unfair sales tactics (Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, 2015). Results of the prosecution The company was prosecuted by ACCC in May 2012. But in February 2013, the company was exempted from the case since Justice Jessup declared the company to be innocent. But the case was further presented in Federal Court by ACCC for three customers. Then, in August 2013, the company was declared to be engaged in unconscionable conduct in context of those three customers. The court ordered the company to pay penalty for this misconduct worth $370,000. The amount comprises of fines imposed regarding breach of all the various Acts and laws. The court declared that customers should be entertained via ethical code of conduct, honesty and a fair business should be conducted without deceiving them. It also restricted the company to engage in such activities in future. It asked Lux Distributors Pty. Ltd. to introduce a training and education program for its employees so that they can understand the necessity of compliance to ethics (Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, 2015). Comments The facts found in this media release, in addition to its results and implications on the company found to be indulged in unconscionable conduct are likely to coincide with the findings given in chapter 3 and chapter 10 of textbook. Hence, the above given facts and results support the sections of textbook. Role of Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC) Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC), is responsible for checking fair trade practices and conscionable conduct of business operations in the market. It also keeps a check on competition prevailing in the market and make sure that healthy competition prevails among market players so that consumers, business enterprises and the entire community at large can be benefitted. They also hold accountability to impose regulations on services related to national infrastructure. The most critical responsibility of ACCC is to make sure that business enterprise, their employees and even other associates must strictly comply with all the laws given by Australian legislation regarding competitive strategies, fair trading practices and consumer protection regulations. The ethical norms regarding such conduct are listed in the Competition and Consumer Act, 2010. ACCC is a statutory organization of Australia which also assumes the role of regulator in following areas. First of all, it checks that business firms comply with all the norms of Part IV, IVA, V, VA of the Trade Practices Act and the Prices Surveillance Act. It also has some complementary roles in compliance of various other legislations like Broadcasting Services Act, 1992; Australian Postal Corporation Act, 1989; Telecommunications Act, 1991. The Commission mainly oversees the issues related to fair trade practices, competitive strategies detrimental to customers or market, price fixing, market sharing, boycotts, misuse of market power, exclusive dealings, resale price maintenance, refusal to supply, authorisation, unconscionable conduct, anti- competitive mergers, consumer protection and enforcement of penalties (Spier, 2005). Hence, it can be concluded that ACCC carries a regulatory role and is quite significant for the Australian economy. Its role is critical in industries like telecommunications and energy and keeps a check on their competition policies. The Commission promotes competition and regulations hand in hand(Spier, 2005). Article review: Mobile Phones- misleading and deceptive conduct Summary of the facts This media release is about an Australian company named Moore Talk communications Pty. Ltd. which is in the business of telecommunications and mobile phones from the city of Brisbane. The company is listed in Australian Stock exchange with the name of MT Marketing. It conducted a national campaigning program outside Brisbane for telemarketing during the period between February 1999 and October 1999. This marketing campaign had an underlying survey for which potential customers of the companys products were contacted via telephone. They were asked to take part in a survey. To attract a handsome amount of gathering, they offered free digital mobile phones to the lucky customers who will be selected at the end of the survey. While talking with the customers at phone, they were asked to give their consent immediately to attend the campaigning and survey process. If any customer shows interest, he/ she will have a call from another salesman of MT Marketing Campaign. The customer will be t old that he/ she is the lucky client of the company to receive a mobile phone free of cost as a gift from the companys premises. The details will be given to them via fax and a plan for how to access their gift from nearby stores. But the twist was that the customer will receive the receipt of mobile phone only if he agrees to sign up with an access plan of the company. If customer gives his consent to sign up for the plan, a document will be sent to him/ her via fax to be signed. But the company officials did not provide any terms and conditions regarding the plan before signing. This was suspected by Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. They intuited that the company is involved in misleading and deceptive activities against customers and may adversely impact 2000 of them. Results of the prosecution This misleading and deceptive plan of the company compelled Federal Court to order it to receive consent orders from the court before further continuing the plan. Consequently, the Federal Court ordered the company to stop their conduct of misleading customers to an immediate effect. It also added that if MT Marketing wants to continue their campaign they must issue a proper draft to its clients clearly stating all the terms and conditions of the access plan before asking the customers to sign the contract. Section 87B of the Act also enforced certain requirements for the company. It asked the company to have an internal review of all of its activities and processes. It also enforced ethical trade practice compliance for the company. These regulations and investigation against the company show that rules are very stringent in context of telemarketers that all the information, terms and conditions regarding contract should be communicated to client upfront (Enright, 2001). Comments Considering the above stated summary of the facts and the results regarding misconduct and deceptive activities of companies, it appears to support the explanation given in chapter 10 of the textbook. Case study of an Australian company- Computershare Limited The underlying company of this case study is from information technology industry named as Computershare Limited which is a public company in Australia. It operates in various countries offering services in the areas of corporate trust (it acts as a fiduciary entity for its corporate clients and works in their best interest), transferring stocks of customers to other clients and preparing employees stock option plans for other companies. Currently, the company is having its operations in 20 countries which include Australia, UK, US, South Africa, Canada, Hong Kong, New Zealand, Denmark, Germany, etc. Potential legal disputes of the company Frauds and dishonest conduct: The Company under study acts as a fiduciary body, which means acting in best interest of the client. If it involves in frauds and provide false information to its clients, it will be very harmful for them. Hence, it will be declared as unconscionable conduct. Gift giving scams: In a marketing program, offering gifts to customers and deceiving them to enter into contracts without communicating the terms of the contract. Bribery: Offering some advantages to clients to give them business or to government officials asking for certain permissions and grants. Courts and tribunals that can hear appeal and have jurisdictions on such matters For unconscionable conduct, Australian Competition and Consumer Commission (ACCC), is held responsible and is required to present such cases in front of the law. Other tribunals will include the Federal Court of Australia and the Federal Circuit court (Brennan, 2006). References Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, 2015. Full Federal Court declares Lux conduct unconscionable. [Online] Available at: https://www.accc.gov.au/media-release/full-federal-court-declares-lux-conduct-unconscionable [Accessed 7 September 2016]. Brennan, S., 2006. Court and Tribunal Decisions Australia. Enright, M.L., 2001. Mobile phones: Misleading and deceptive conduct. [Online] Available at: https://www.accc.gov.au/media-release/mobile-phones-misleading-and-deceptive-conduct [Accessed 7 September 2016]. Spier, H., 2005. The Role of the ACCC. [Online] Available at: https://www.accc.gov.au/system/files/The%20Role%20of%20the%20ACCC.pdf [Accessed 7 August 2016].

Literary Analysis All Quiet on the Western Front Essay Example

Literary Analysis All Quiet on the Western Front Essay In a brutal trench war known as World War I, the German troops were exposed to brutal conditions, which is shown to critically shape the personality and mannerisms of soldier Paul Baumer, the lead protagonist in All Quiet on the Western Front. Identity is a major theme in the novel, especially relating to Paul. He loses much of his innocence at age nineteen upon entering the war, while adapting to the nature of violence he must endure every day in combat. This matures Paul, who admits that despite his young age, he feels old based on what he has witnessed at war. The recurring mention of â€Å"Fatherland Germany† suggests the theme of patriotism that is evident in the plot. Once believing the propaganda of war spoken by his teacher, Paul enlists enthusiastically, taking in ideas that would later reveal to be hollow notions. But as days pass and more of his fellow troops succumb to injury and death, he begins to realize that war holds no meaning and the only truth underlying wa r is that both enemies and allies alike are human beings and not faceless figures. As a war novel, All Quiet on the Western Front is considered a tragedy as the events are nonfiction and accurately define the real conflicts between nations during the course of World War I. Paul is the narrator of the novel and the leader of his group, portrayed upon introduction in the story as a â€Å"seasoned soldier† in contrast to the new recruits. Prior to joining the war, Paul was captivated by poetry and art, but shed such interests as he matured in ruthless combat. The main antagonist in the story is the environment of war. World War I was an entirely new type of battle, drawing the forces of multiple countries into combat. It was known for the notoriously violent and grim front lines of the war that were like no other. Albert Kropp is a foil for Paul because he is strongly against the idea of war and has no fear of authority. When he is injured alongside Paul, he threat We will write a custom essay sample on Literary Analysis All Quiet on the Western Front specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Literary Analysis All Quiet on the Western Front specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Literary Analysis All Quiet on the Western Front specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Midsummer Night Dream essays

Midsummer Night Dream essays How did The Arden school of Theatres production of a Midsummer Nights Dream present the following elements of the text on stage? How did this presentation compare to your own interpretation of the text and your expectations of how it might be staged? In -this essay I will be examining the Arden School of theatre production of A Midsummer Nights Dream. Examining the key elements of the plot, location and characters and considering my own interpretation. In A Midsummer Nights Dream Theseus, the duke of Athens, is about to marry Hippolyta, a lady warrior who he conquered. Egeus brings his daughter Hermia to court. She and Lysander want to get married, but Egeus wants her to marry Demetrius, who also wants her. Under Athenian law, Hermia must either marry the man of her father's choice, choose banishment to become a nun, or be executed. Theseus says he will enforce this law and gives everyone a few days to decide. Demetrius used to love Helena but has since abandoned her; she is Hermia's friend. Lysander and Hermia decide to elope and get married in the next town, beyond the reach of Athenian law. Hermia tells Helena, who in turn tells Demetrius in order to get him to love her again. Hermia and Lysander flee into the woods, Demetrius follows the lovers, and Helena follows him. Out in the forest, Oberon and Titania, king and queen of fairyland, have quarrelled over who will raise an orphaned Indian boy. They have also each slept with either Theseus or Hippolita. Oberon sends Puck to find a magic flower. This flower's juice, applied to a sleeper's eyes, will make the person fall in love with whoever he or she sees first upon awakening. Puck brings the flower, and Oberon applies it to the eyes of sleeping Titania. Oberon then tells Puck to apply it to the eyes of Demetrius, so that when he wakes and sees Helena he will love her instead. Hermia and Lysander fall asleep, with Lysander honouring Hermia's requ...

Parallelism in Prose Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Parallelism in Prose - Essay Example She felt so good when he came downstairs, too, wearing a cheap yet very neat suite and enjoyed his meal before he went to work. She was proud of her son and wanted to give him all care and love she could. On that fine and sunny morning, they were sitting at the table and watching some news program on TV. The war began, they said; the enemy attacked and killed many civilians, they said. Some politician with a grave face announced draft for military service for men under 40. The mother’s heart died within her – such a terrible news on such a nice day! The mother feared that her child would be drafted to the army: he was courageous, tall and strong. At his age of 25, he was a complete personality and a person, who had achieved much on his own. She was so proud of him. The son feared to let his dear mother alone, but he longed to protect his homeland and was very decisive about it. He was courageous, tall and strong; moreover, he knew a little about battle tactics and weapons. So he came back home after finishing with work and told his mother about his intentions. Days went by; sunny and warm autumn days turned into gray and rainy ones; and the mother still lived alone: the house seemed too big, too cold and too empty without Jesse and every single day was filled with painful waiting for a letter written in a familiar loose handwriting. Jesse would write every week, and Mrs. Stillman, the mail clerk, would bring the letters very promptly. On a foggy December day, the mother went downstairs to prepare her usual breakfast – a toast and a cup of coffee – and turned the TV on. After Jesse went to defend their homeland to the eastern part of the country, she had been turning the news program every morning to be aware of the situation, and her heart would be in her mouth as the commentator read the list of dead soldiers. Yet, these programs were filled with patriotism and hope: the brave sons of the country would surely return to their families.

Sonnys Blues Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sonnys Blues - Essay Example This same characteristic is demonstrated in his unwillingness to consider the words of Sonny’s old friend outside the school. However, the seeds of change are already planted and hope for a different future is suggested in the narrator’s willingness to listen to Sonny in the end. Because of his previous inability to listen to others, the narrator created division between himself and his brother that prevented him from understanding the drug difficulties his brother was experiencing, yet his newfound willingness to try listening suggests hope for both brothers’ futures. Music emerges as a tremendous symbol of the narrator’s increasing ability to listen to what others are saying. This begins when he listens to a boy whistling as an escape from the angry laughter of the others. As the narrator listens more carefully to Sonny’s old friend, he begins to understand those around him at a greater depth and he begins to hear the music inside the bar. Just before Sonny finally risks telling his brother about his music gig at a bar that evening, Baldwin describes a touching scene in which the narrator observes a musical group on the sidewalk. He seems to be starting to understand the messages the music is conveying. Finally, although he’s never understood Sonny’s music before, the narrator agrees to try and does finally understand what is being said through Sonny’s music. Throughout the story, the narrator shows increasing growth in his ability to listen to others, symbolized through the music of the streets in which he and his brother exist. As the narrator begins to hear the underlying messages of the music around him, he can be seen to understand more of what his brother and others have been trying to tell him. Finally, his willingness to try to listen to Sonny reveals an ability to understand his brother’s music.

Antenna Technology Wireless

Antenna Technology Wireless Definition Antenna is an electronic device mostly known as transducer that is designed to receive and transmit electromagnetic waves and can be very effective in the telecommunication systems. It was the most neglected section of all the personal communication systems. But with the rapid evolution of the technology, communication is expected to be transmitted and received quickly and with fewer errors whether it is through wireless networks or otherwise, thus antennas can solve this problem. Actually it is not the Antennas which are smart but the smart system that makes it work are smart. Smart antennas consists of many other antennas which when combine together would produce or receive signals faster and more efficient. Normally this set of antennas is called MIMO which means multiple inputs -multiple outputs. . Beamforming is a technique where signals are processed and send to the direction of the receiver or vice-versa. The signal is either a fix pattern or adaptive pattern that is modified to make maximum usage of signal. Background Smart Antennas can be referred as a new technology which is used with the mobile communication, but in fact the first Smart Antennas were introduced to use by the government in the military application in 1960s. The transmission of the signal used directed beams to avoid environmental interferences such as noise and at the same time hiding transmitted data from enemies. During those days the antennas structure was very large and it was time-consuming to calculate the exact transmission rate and correctness of the signal. In 1987, the concept of wireless communication has been invented by Marconi and since then there has been an extensive and continuing increase in the use of mobile communication. Newer technologies and approach were explored and deployed and when the latest one that is the Space Division Multiple Access (SDMA) has been emerged it brings a promising future to the wireless communication. SDMA is based on the use of Smart Antennas and researchers have worked on this technology to apply it on personal communication. Types of Smart Antennas There are two main types of Smart Antennas Switched beam is the simplest structure of Smart Antennas; it forms fixed multiples beams to serve users in a predefined way. The signal gives its best performance by switching from one beam to another when the user of the mobile moves through their cell. The table below shows how this approach works: But the problem with this beam occurs is the user is not in the middle of the main beam. The other type is the Adaptive Array Antennas. It is the most advanced approach of the Smart Antenna System as it automatically adjusts the beam with the condition of environmental factor that is the movement of the user and any interferers. Furthermore it also identifies, track and reduce any interfering signals and it maximize the signal radiation in the direction of the mobile user. The adjustment is attained the incoming signal is multiplied with complex weights and then summing them together to obtain the desired radiation pattern. Categories of Smart Antennas The Smart Antennas fall into three categories SIMO, MISO, and MIMO. Single-Input and Multiple-Output (SIMO) uses a single antenna for transmission to be received by multiple antennas in wireless communication. A benefit of this category is that the antennas are combined to reduce errors and improve the transmission distance but in some cases this gives rise to problem with multipath effect. As discussed in SearchMobileComputing, 2005 website when an electromagnetic field (EM field) is met with obstructions such as hills, canyons, buildings, and utility wires, the wavefronts are scattered, and thus they take many paths to reach the destination. The late arrival of scattered portions of the signal causes problems such as fading, cut-out (cliff effect), and intermittent reception (picket fencing). In digital communications systems such as wireless Internet, it can cause a reduction in data speed and an increase in the number of errors. Thus two or more antennas as transmitted can solve this problem. Multiple-Input, Single-Output (MISO) means that there are multiple antennas to transmit but a single antenna to receive. This has practically the same benefits and limitations as that of SIMO, but this technology has widespread application in Digital TeleVision (DTV), Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs), Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs) and mobile communications. Multiple-Input, Single-Output (MIMO) used multiples antennas for transmitters and as well as receiver for wireless communication. Antennas which were not a great subject of discussion recently become the most important category in wireless communication. Especially when Researchers finally proved that with MIMO antennas system there are lots of advantages such as greater receiver gain, increased data rates, larger network throughput, and improved reliability through antenna diversity. IEEE 802.11n wireless standard which is expected in 2009 uses MIMO to increase maximum speed to 100 Mbps and beyond, double the 802.11a and 11g wireless standards. This article was extracted from Techworld.com which clearly shows the use of MIMO system in wireless communication. Cox, 2008 says that â€Å"MIMO has made its way into chipsets and could be in WLAN devices by year-end. The 3rd Generation Partnership Project, a collaboration of telecom standards groups, is also evaluating MIMO techniques for use in cellular networks. MIMO doubles the spectral efficiency compared with that of current WLANs. So far, the only company with MIMO chipsets is Airgo Networks, which launched its products in August 2003. MIMO is unique because it multiplies bandwidth by essentially providing multiple channels between devices, says Ben Manny, director of the radio communications laboratory in Intels corporate technology group.† MIMO can be classified into three categories Precoding, Spatial Multiplexing and Diversity Coding. Precoding is multi-layer beamforming to support MIMO radio system. It is used for single-user MIMO or multiple-user MIMO in a linear or non-linear algorithm. Spatial multiplexing is a way to transmit and separate high rate signal into multiple lower rate streams and each stream is transmitted from a different transmit antenna in the same frequency channel. Diversity methods is a single stream (unlike spatial multiplexing) to transmit data and is coded using techniques called space-time coding. Overview Architectures of Smart Antenna (MIMO) One of the biggest problems in wireless telecommunication is fading and inter-symbol interferences as shown in the diagram, below. Fading refers to the distortion of intensity over certain propagation media and Inter-symbol interference (ISI) occurs when there is reflection caused by other remote objects. The transmitted signal, at the receiver end are overlapped and delayed. To overcome this problem we use MIMO architecture, Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM) modulation and Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) coding. MIMO operate in two modes diversity mode and spatial multiplexing mode to solve the problem. Diversity Mode The use of two or more antennas that are spaced sufficiently apart such that they can receive signals from independent signal paths are involve in a Simple Receive Diversity. A basic way to select an optimal receive antenna from an array of antennas is Selection Combining, whereby the receiver switches to another antenna whenever it detects weak signals or a high noise level from the current receiving antenna. More sophisticated techniques such as Maximum Ratio Combining (MRC) receive on multiple antennas simultaneously and apply advanced signal processing algorithms to combine the different versions of the received signals to maximize SNR and minimize receive errors. Selection Combining and MRC can be implemented on just the receive side of the link as shown in the figure below. (Video54, 2008, p3) Spatial Multiplexing Mode In rich multipath environments with multiple uncorrelated signal paths as figure 5, Spatial Multiplexing (SM) allows the sender to transmit different portions of the user data on multiple paths in parallel to increase capacity. The target receiver must implement a corresponding de-multiplexing algorithm to recover the original information stream from multiple antennas. In an ideal multipath environment, SM can increase the capacity of a single frequency channel linearly with the number of transmit antennas used. (Video54, 2008, p4) Figure 5: Spatial diversity (Video54, 2008, p4) Spatial Multiplexing requires the same multiplexing algorithm on both sides of a communications link. Therefore it is not interoperable with existing 802.11a/b/g devices. Until 802.11n is defined, only SM client and SM network devices from the same vendor can communicate with each other. (Video54, 2008, p4) In contrast, Selection Combining and Maximum Ratio Combining are diversity techniques that can be implemented on just one side of a communications link; therefore they can benefit all existing 802.11a/b/g devices even when diversity is only implemented on the Access Point. (Video54, 2008, p4) Thus the above explanation shows how MIMO which is being a category of Smart Antennas is designed. Benefits/Limitations of Smart Antennas Benefits Smart Antennas System, being one the latest technology in progress has brought lot of benefits. It serves as a dual purpose that is while enhancing the signal quality; it also increased the reuse of the frequency. The benefits are in more details below: As Smart Antennas receive signal from several antennas, this increase the power for higher gain of signal. The Antennas also focuses on the communication device which allows the range of operation and the service by the antennas to increase. Thus reducing the cost by lowering the amplifier costs, power consumption and result in a higher reliability. To be more precise, with Smart Antennas the network providers will not require as many antennas/base stations to provide coverage. (Lehne et al. 1999, p. 5) Furthermore, Smart Antennas provide the facility to reuse the frequencies which can increase the number of users. This also add to the factor of cost reduction, that is if more users are on the same frequency there will be less operating cost for purchasing the frequency space. Interference will also be suppressed with the introduction of the Antennas system. The transmission pattern will be generated directly as before it was radiated from all the direction and increases interferences. Thus the suppression will also increase the ability to reuse and achieve a better coverage. With Smart Antennas signal are transmitted while targeting the communication device which can also be used to determine the accurate geographic information of the device. This can allow network providers to offer new services to the devices for example guiding emergency services to the location or the locality information. This system also increases security, as radiation of the signal is direct and not as in the traditional way when it was omni-directional. If someone wants to intercept the transmissions they would need to be at the same location or between the two communicating devices. (Gadh et al. 2003) Moreover, with the frequency reuse there in an increase in the bandwidth as Smart Antennas provide diversity. The adaptive array utilize multi-path signal to reach a device and reduce the effective delay spread of the channel and allowing higher bit rates to be supported without an equalizer. And as Smart antennas are not a new protocol or standard, it can easily be integrated with existing non smart antennas and devices. Limitations As all other system, Smart Antennas also has some constraints. Lots of faults or problems can occur which can be very hard to diagnose as Smart Antenna is much more complicated than the traditional one (Lehne et al. 1999, p. 5). And also though there will be a reduction in the cost factor with the frequency reuse when the system is already implemented but while implementing this complex system, they are far more expensive than the traditional antenna. Furthermore due to the antenna arrays which are utilized by smart antenna systems, they are much larger in size than traditional systems. This can be a problem in a social context as antennas can be seen as ugly or unsightly. (Lehne et al. 1999, p.6) Smart Antennas need to have the best location to operate because of the direct radiation and not as the traditional one. For example in a road context, smart antennas are better situated away from the road, unlike normal antennas which are best situated along the road. (Lehne et al. 1999, p . 6) Need of Smart Antennas Smart Antennas has been required to accommodate with the future of mobile communication that is to significantly improve the performance of wireless performance and increase the number of users. So Spatial Division Multiple Access (SDMA) which is a satellite communication mode has exploited this technology to optimize the use of radio spectrum and minimized cost. SDMA also known as SDM (spatial-division multiplex) has also used Smart Antennas or adaptive array to adjust dynamically with the changing traffic and the user requirements by providing frequency reuse and antennas that are highly directional, unlike the previous wireless system like FDMA, TDMA or CDMA. Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) was the first generation of wireless networks communication. FDMA technique was a basic technology in analog that was used by the Advanced Mobile Phone Service (AMPS) and was the most widely technology installed in mobile phone in North America. FDMA assigned each channel to only one user at a time and is also used in the Total Access Communication Systems (TACS). But The Digital-Advanced Mobile Phone Service (D-AMPS) which also uses FDMA adds TDMA to get three channels for each FDMA channel, tripling the number of calls that can be handled on a channel. (Sanchez, 2003) Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) was first used BY D-AMPS then Global System for Mobile communications (GSM) in 2G cellular system, and Personal Digital Cellular (PDC). Each of them implements TDMA differently and in incompatible way (Search Networking, 2006). TDMA is a channel access method to share medium network and used in digital mobile communication dividing signal into three time slots in order to increase the amount of data that can be carried. It also allows multiple stations to share the same transmission medium while using only the part of its bandwidth they require. TDMA is used for Digital Enhanced Cordless Telecommunications (DECT) and also in the satellite system and combat-net radio. (Wikipedia, 2008) Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) refers to the second generation (2G) and third generation (3G) wireless communication. It can be said to be an alternative to TDMA and FDMA, but CDMA has a much higher bandwidth than the data being communicated in contrast with TDMA which divides access by time and FDMA divides by frequency. CDMA is a form of multiplexing, which allows numerous signals to occupy a single transmission channel, optimizing the use of available bandwidth and also allows roaming (Search Telecom, 2007) but it does not guaranteed the future of mobile communication and this is where SDMA arise and become the solution. Conclusion Even though Smart Antennas has some limitations, it has proved that it is the latest technology to bring an excellent future to wireless communication. With the adaptive array system the communication would be clearer with better signal and also the frequency reuse is of great advantage to cost reduction. Furthermore, MIMO is one of the latest discussed and the IEEE 802.11n wireless standard is expected in 2009. So it can be concluded that Smart Antennas has a great future. References Web ProForum Tutorials Smart Antenna Systems http://www.iec.org/online/tutorials/acrobat/smart_ant.pdf Date accessed 15/04/08 Wikimedia Foundation, Inc (2008) Smart Antennas, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smart_Antennas, Date accessed 18/04/08. TechTarget (2004) Smart Antenna http://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid40_gci1026138,00.html Date accessed 18/04/08. Paulraj (2008) Smart Antenna Research Group http://www.stanford.edu/group/sarg/ Date accessed 20/04/08. CDMA Development Group (2008) Smart Antennas http://www.cdg.org/technology/cdma_technology/smart_antennas/index.asp Date accessed 24/04/08. Shetty, K.K (2004) Chapter 1 Introduction http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-04092004-143712/unrestricted/Ch_1introduction.pdf Date accessed 24/04/08. Cugnin, A (2008) Smart antennas http://broadcastengineering.com/hdtv/smart_antennas/ Date accessed 30/04/08. Georg zur B, Thomas C Smart antennas: A design alternative http://www.eetasia.com/ARTICLES/2005FEB/B/2005FEB16_RFD_TA.pdf?SOURCES=DOWNLOAD Date accessed 05/05/08. Kassner, M (2008) /a>Whats MiMo? http://wedothatradio.wordpress.com/2008/04/10/mimo-mike-kassner/ Date accessed 09/05/08. Cox, J (2008) Which smart antenna system will win? http://www.techworld.com/mobility/features/index.cfm?featureid=396 Date accessed 15/05/08. WTEC Hyper-Librarian(2000) Smart Antenna Advantages http://www.wtec.org/loyola/wireless/06_04.htm Date accessed 21/05/08. Hall, D (2007) Smart Antennas http://www.robotification.com/content/view/13/ Date accessed 22/05/08. Sanchez, R.W (2003) FDMA http://searchmobilecomputing.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid40_gci213959,00.html Date accessed 24/05/08. TechTarget (2006) TDMA http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid7_gci214175,00.html Date accessed 24/05/08. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc (2008) Time division multiple access http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_Division_Multiple_Access Date accessed 24/05/08. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc (2008) Code division multiple access http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDMA Date accessed 24/05/08. TechTarget (2007) CDMA http://searchtelecom.techtarget.com/sDefinition/0,,sid103_gci213842,00.html Date accessed 24/05/08. Intel Journal (2006) MIMO Architecture for Wireless Communication http://www.intel.com/technology/itj/2006/volume10issue02/art07_MIMO_Architecture/p06_mimo_systems_ofdm_ldpc.htm Date accessed 25/05/08. Video54 (2008) Mimo and Smart Antenna Techniques for 802.11a/b/g Networks http://www.edsl.com.au/ruckus/whitepapers/smart-antennas.pdf Date accessed 25/05/08.